ABSTRACT
The purpose of this study was to develop and evaluate a transdermal delivery system for RIS using hydrogels. First, the effects of different concentrations of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose and Carbomer 934 [CBR] on RIS permeation were investigated in porcine skin. The optimized formulation was chosen as the base gel to screen for penetration enhancers. The pharmacokinetics of the optimized RIS formulation was then studied in vitro in rabbits. A formulation with 0.5% CBR showed the highest RIS permeation and was selected as the base gel. RIS permeation was further increased by incorporation of Azone, lauryl alcohol, or menthol, and the enhancing effects of the three were dosedependent. When each enhancer combined with propylene glycol [PG] a synergistic effect was found. A combination of 6% menthol and 6% PG exhibited highest RIS in vitro penetration rate and showed a high efficiency in vivo, with a relative bioavailability of 131.53% compared with intragastric administration. These findings showed that 1% RIS in 0.5% CBR, containing a combination of 6% menthol and 6% PG, can deliver doses of RIS that are therapeutically relevant for treating patients with schizophrenia
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the current situation of pharmaceutial research and influencing factors in primary hospitals located in Hangzhou Fuyang county.Methods A designed questionnaire was used collecting information from the pharmacists of six Fuyang city medical institutes.Results Among 156 valid questionnaires 54 (34.62％) pharmacists showed their interest in pharmaceutial research,however only 4 of them had the opportunity to participate or host such project.The top reason of interesting in research was that it would help in their job promotion and enhance their own value.We found that most of pharmacists thought that it is very difficulties to conduct research and it is not necessary to do so.The educational background was found to related with research interest with a statistical significance (P＜0.001);and the difference in accomplishment was statistically significant among pharmacists (P＜0.05).Conclusions Current status of research in primary hospital pharmacists is worrysome.The hospital administrators need to pay great attention to medical research,make efforts to develop and provide the excellent policy and technological platform to enhance the research activities of pharmacists.